Alternatives to Plastic

PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005 

rev.23nov2007

[Portuguese version | More by Paul Goettlich]

 

Over the past few of years, many people asked me for help in getting plastic out of their lives. It is hoped that this article guides you to a cleaner lifestyle. While it is presently impossible to actually remove all plastic from one's life, it is definitely worth reducing it to a minimum. Being my age is greater than 50 years, I came into a world that was nearly free of the scourge that has come to fruition since then. My own attitude contrasts greatly with pretty much all anti-plastic activists — I am considerably more adamant about removing all plastics from his life and not so concerned about the type of plastic it is or every single chemical within each. It is through years of research that I have seen that all plastics must be stopped rather than one or even many. As you approach this subject, please do so at a pace that doesn’t overburden you into dropping the issue altogether. But do keep moving along as quickly as is practical.

Below are images of the my container collection used in contact with food and drink. Each is labeled and some have suggestions for other uses and sources. These are most likely what you came to this article for. However, getting plastic out of your life is more about a change in lifestyle than merely removing a few plastic containers in your home. I am working on a book that will include suggestions for a lifestyle change. What it requires is simply using common sense and a healthy disrespect for status quo. Stop worrying about looking out of place in a world injected and coated with plastic. Start your lifestyle change by disconnecting from consumerism and commercials. Disconnect the TV cable — 500 stations with little truth or logic on any station is a crime. Stop your newspaper subscription. Considering that newspapers are more 50% advertising and the other 50% a lie, it's a crime to use new or recycled paper for this purpose.

Lifestyle changes are things that I have taken on gradually over the years. Nobody told me what to do. The norm never had much appeal for me because it takes too much energy — financial, physical, psychological and so on. And it's all to keep up with the Joneses. 

What it took to learn was to think logically about what I was doing and to decide whether I cared about keeping up appearances. I'd identify things of this nature that should be done differently and find ways to accomplish the changes. One of my latest changes was making and bottling my own ketchup. I used to purchase organic ketchup in glass bottles. Over the last few years, there were fewer manufacturers that packed it in glass bottles. Then the last one to pack ketchup in glass was the company Seeds Of Change. After it was purchased and controlled by M&M/Mars, the ketchup got packaged in plastic bottles. We all know what type of health food that M&M/Mars is famous for — vitamin C (candy,  chocolate).  [Read "The Green Machine"] So, the day they stopped packing ketchup in glass, I started cooking my own. After all, what sense does it make to eat organic foods that are packaged in plastic? And my homemade ketchup is substantially better than any store-bought on the market now or in the past because I make it to please my own taste instead of blindly buying whatever some scientist advised the company to make.  I make a few quarts at a time and can it in pint-size glass canning jars. For the purest, there are canning jars with glass lids. They too have a plastic seal. But plastic exposure is greatly reduced.

 

Regulatory System in the USA

Because our regulatory system was created to protect the interests of the corporate producers, it seems that one of the best ways to regulate them is to first be forewarned of the environmental and social toxicity they produce and just refuse to buy it. If we can do this, then they will change or be run out of business. But whatever we do, we must produce and consume less; eat lower on the food chain; transport food shorter distances; and replace most machines with manual labor. This is the making of small sustainable organic farms, which still produce more food per acre than most large corporate monoculture farms. [Read "Small Is Bountiful by Peter Rosset / The Ecologist, v.29, i.8, Dec99]

The Organic Standards that so many of us fought so hard to correct and maintain, for the most part, have been taken over by corporations. As such those standards are not at all what many people assume. They have been diluted and polluted to the point where we are once again better off doing it ourselves. This falls into line with the desire to have as little to do with corporations as possible when it comes to food and other things. There is a growing number of organic farmers who do not bother getting certified by the FDA as "organic" anymore because they hold higher standards and know better than the FDA [Read "Kristie and Rick Knoll Rebel Against Corporate-Controlled USDA Regulation of Organic," by Will Harper 5jan04.]

It has been stated by many wise people that if a deal seems too good to be true, then it is too good to be true. The same thing applies to almost everything we have taken for granted when the "experts" and authorities have told us to do so. With regards to food, until you can grow your own independent of corporations, you will not be free of the toxic way of life they sell. But between where you are now and where you need to be, there's a lot of work to be done on the way you think. And it is never to early to begin. Some of the values of the 1960s are useful in ridding your mind of the corporate ways. But as we all know, many of those hippies went on to the board rooms that are wreaking havoc upon us all now. This is not about inventing machines or products or technologies. But rather it is about leaving those false values behind and doing with as little technology as possible. Instead of a workout room, take on a garden — a large one. Whether it is located in an inner-city lot or in the middle of nowhere. . .  just do it.

 

Can Technology Save the Planet?

For me, that's just another rhetorical question. The answer is, of course, not.

Lately, I have seen some sort of biodegradable plates, cups and utensils for sale at the small grocery I shop at, as well as The Hole (aka Whole Foods).  It matters not what the material is or who makes it. I see them as just another ploy to maintain the consumerist status quo. We really don't need such stuff except for "emergencies." And materials that have had unnatural acts perpetrated on them cannot return to the earth in their original state. Single-use containers, bags and other products should not be used. Their use can never be a sustainable act, no matter what the manufacturer claims.  These products are counterproductive, making the purchaser feel as if they are doing some good in the world, when in fact they are not. Sorry for the let-down if you use this stuff. But you didn't come here for the usual nonsense that you get from the mega-sized environmental nonprofits starting with the Sierra Club. 

In his article in the July/August 2005 issue of his Sierra Magazine, Carl Pope, the Sierra Club's executive director ['Ways & Means: Let's Get Technical: Time to put the engineers to work'], "[e]ngineers are natural allies of environmentalists. We point out problems in the world; engineers solve them — at least when they're allowed to."  I find it incredibly horrifying that the director of the largest environmental organization in the USA — more than 3/4 of a million members — thinks that engineers will solve the mess we're all in.  It was the engineers who got us into this mess and they've not learned a thing about sustainability in the mean time. 

Another article in that same issue, 'Can Technology Save the Planet?' by the futurist and science fiction writer Bruce Sterling states that "[o]ur opposable thumbs got us into this mess, and they can help get us out." The combination of technological fixes in this issue of Sierra Magazine were quite annoying because they illustrated the severe lack of understanding of the very technologies they hawk as solutions, when in fact they are the problems. The articles on technology in that issue are severely flawed and must be disregarded. 

As each new layer of technology is added, going back to a sustainable lifestyle becomes increasingly more difficult. How many times have we all heard someone proclaim that they can't live without one technology or another? This is an amazingly paradoxical statement when a person claims that they would perish without the very items that are in fact killing them, albeit at relatively slow rates — generational declines in overall health and well-being.

The answer to the question of Can Technology Save the Planet? is emphatically and resoundingly NO. But then the question is flawed because the planet will indeed survive long after we destroy life as we know it. So, if we ask the correct question — Can Technology Save Us? — the answer is still NO.

We need to buy less technology as well as less of everything if we are to survive. If we've gotten to the point where we cannot survive without technology, then we are all in a very sad predicament. For the only direction is down from there. Consider the prospect of having your brain uploaded into a computer. That may seem a bit drastic. But if your physical body is worn out, then that would be the only option — if it truly existed.

And if you're comfortable with "living" in a computer, then you'd better find a whole new set of scientists to take stock in because the ones who are running the show at present couldn't argue their way out of a worn out paper bag. And I wear them out quite well before recycling them. However, recycling the constant stream of scientists would be a much more difficult task as it requires total reprogramming of a lifetime of mis- and dis-information. It would essentially take another lifetime. They would first need to experience the error of their present knowledge before rebuilding a new set of information. The world as they see it does not exist. 

That's a neat trick, eh? It's rather like sawing of the limb of a tree that one is standing on.

Sincerely,
Paul


 

glass milk bottles - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Glass milk bottles
Organic milk comes in these and they are produced by only one manufacturer in the USA at this time. There is a list on Mindfully.org of dairies using such bottles. Please add your dairy to the list if they use glass bottles. These bottles are perfect for refilling with other drinks such as orange juice, lemonade, water to drink or to water plants with. Because the cardboard containers that orange juice is packed in is coated with plastic (polyethylene), pour it into one of these bottle when you get home from the grocery store. Nonorganic milk is made from cows injected with rBGH, a growth hormone that causes mastitis, which in turn requires the cows to get antibiotic injections. Nonorganically-raised cows are fed pesticide-ridden grains and genetically engineered feed such as Monsanto's Roundup Ready corn. The food they eat is also grown with sewage sludge as fertilizer. Here's a general article titled, "Why Eat Organic Food?" 

glass spice jars - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Small glass jars
They come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. When they are empty, most people recycle them. I do that too, but many are saved from products such as mustard purchased at a grocery store, jelly purchased at the local Farmer's Market, apple juice bottles purchased along the way when my own ran out or couldn't find a good source of water. The lack of uniformity is in part a sort of fashion — mostly a denial of fashion — but it is also a means of reduction of waste and consumerism. The heights of the jars fit in a kitchen drawer with almost no space to spare. Write the names of the spices in small script on scraps of paper from your recycling bin and tape them to the top of the jars so they are visible without lifting them.

glass kitty bowls - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Our cat loves us because we have glass bowls for his food and water. His dry food is kept in a large glass bottle and refilled from 20 or 30 pound bags (see below).

stainless steel tiffin from India - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Tiffin
Kitty likes* this stainless steel (s/s) tiffin that was purchased at an Indian goods shop. The shop I got it at carries a wide range of s/s goods such as round spice boxes, cookware, cutlery, bowls, trays, plates, containers, tea & coffee sets, and more.

*note: He really only cares about sitting on the paper used as a background for the photos, and being where ever the action is.

large glass jars - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Large glass bottle 
One of the two smaller glass jars in front had honey in it that was purchased at the Farmers' Market. The other was from something like pickle relish. They are used for smaller quantities of stuff like dried fruits. The larger jars (1 gallon) were purchased from a great herb shop, Lhasa Karnak Herb Company in Berkeley. The one on the left has flour in it and can hold about 5 pounds. And the one on the right has cereal from the bulk foods area of the grocery store. I buy it by the case and save and additional 10%. When the glass bottle is empty, we refill the cereal from the case using a metal soup ladle. The next size down on the right has oatmeal in it. Before plastic grabbed the honey people, I had been purchasing honey in jars that size. I think it holds about 5 pounds of honey. It may still be possible to find pickles in the larger jars. But probably they've been plasticized as well though. The smallest jar on the left is a small size from the Farmers' Market honey vendor, and the one on the left is from some store-bought product. I buy as little prepared foods as possible. And almost no prepared foods in metal cans. The lids on bottles, even canning jars, are coated with plastic. But if the bottle is stored upright, the contact is quite minimal.

glass and stainless steel bowls - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Mixing Bowls
Mixing bowls are commonly made of plastic these days, as are all other kitchen implements. But stainless steel is making a comeback. The yellow bowl is an old Pyrex bowl that was my mother's. Some foods must be kept away from metal, so find out about them. There is no store that sells all of the kitchen tools and containers on this page. They were accumulated over a few years. The yellow bowl was my grandmother's.

 

Stainless Steel Colander
Not all of these stainless steel colanders are created equal. It's worth holding out for one that has many holes at the lowest point so as to drain more easily and effectively. This one is just OK, no better. If I need to drain pasta, I might do it by placing the pan's lid slightly off, leaving a gap that is a bit smaller than the pasta. Sometimes I use a s/s wire mesh colander or strainer. Be sure to thoroughly rinse and scrub them before the pasta has a chance to dry on them. Do it before eating.

glass and stainless steel collander, sifter and food mill - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Here's a top view of (left to right) a colander, food mill and a strainer. A chinois (not shown) works well too. It has conical shape, with the tip pointing down. I use the strainer for sifting flour and straining the solids from a stock.

This food mill is great for crushing tomatoes. The seeds and chunks of skin are left behind. I once had one of those stylish kitchen tools called a Cuisineart food processor. It took more time to clean it than it was worth. It also wastes a lot of space in the small kitchens that many people have. And for some of us, cranking the food mill or chopping with a knife is the only exercise we get. I do have an old blender that has a glass top rather than a plastic one. I think the newer models have polycarbonate tops. Lexan is one brand of polycarbonate plastic. To learn about polycarbonates, please read this article: "Get Plastic Out Of Your Diet".

cast iron waffle mold - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Cast iron waffle mold 
This one was made in about 1860 and purchased online for about $25 including shipping. It was my birthday present a couple years ago. It makes exquisite waffles without being exposing us to the Teflon coating that is standard with all waffle makers today. See that these glisten from the oil coating. They need to be "seasoned" before using them so as to keep the batter from sticking and so that they don't rust. Did you know that cooking in a Teflon-coated pan can kill your pet bird? Teflon is also being used in a rapidly expanding set of cloth consumer goods as Gore-Tex. It supposedly seals out the rain, but unfortunately, it also seals in body moisture in the form of sweat. I avoided it for years because of that. But having learned it is just another form of Teflon, I feel the need to warn others.

gallon glass jug - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

One-Gallon Glass Jug
Ahhhh!  Bernie's apple cider. Where I live, there is a constant threat of earthquakes. After rinsing several times and washing in the dishwasher a few times, they get filled with water and stored in the cardboard cases they came in. The cases have cardboard dividers that keep the bottles from touching each other. If the house feel on them they would most likely break. But then, so would plastic jugs. They get stored in all areas of the house.

I save corks for reuse. They can be washed any number of times.

glass refrigerator containers - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Glass Refrigerator Storage 
These are Pyrex with a plastic lid. At the time I purchased these, I could find none with glass lids. I therefore allow food to cool thoroughly before putting the lids on. I start by cooling the food in it on the counter for a little while. When it is closer to the ambient room temperature, place it in the refrigerator without the lid for a while. Before leaving or going to bed, seal the lid on it. But be very careful not to cool meat in an open container. If I need to cool meat, I do it in the refrigerator. If it is in a stew, I place it in a bowl floating in cold water. If it needs to be done very quickly, put ice in the water. Ice is energy intensive, so use it sparingly.

stainless steel containers imported from India- Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Stainless steel containers imported from India
Can be found at an Indian imports shop in Berkeley, CA.   Sizes from largest to smallest: 2900 ML/13.5 OZ (7"h x 6"w); 2150 ML/ 72.7 OZ (6.5" h x 5.5"h); 1700 ML/ 57.5 OZ (6"h x 5"w); 400 ML/ 13.5 OZ (3.75"h x 3.25"w). Other sizes available depending on the outlet's buyer. In the future, I would like to convince the shop owner to import larger sizes.     I use these for all sorts of food stuffs — wet or dry. The seal is metal to metal with no other material involved. They fit tightly. Not sure how airtight they are. But dry stuff such as flour in one of these is probably pretty close to being as airtight as in a glass container with a screw lid and PVC seal. I make up large batches of granola that fills two of the largest cans shown here.

olive oil in 10 litre stainless steel container with spigot and brown glass bottle with cork - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Bulk peanut butter in a salsa jar. Buy only as much as you'll consume in a week or so. For me, that's less than 1/2 a jar full. Weigh the jar and mark the weight on the top or side so that it may be subtracted at the cash register. Ask the manager about this before filling the jar. I had been purchasing olive oil as a bulk commodity in 1-quart juice bottles until I found an olive farmer who will refill that 10-litre stainless steel container above. I keep extras of these so I can buy fresh peanut or almond butter while the old one is being washed.

canning jar lids - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

bottle lids - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Lids
At left are canning lids and at right used lids from a variety of products. Canning lids can be used more than once if they are handled carefully. One way to extend their useful life is to trade them for lids from other jars. For instance, you might purchase tomato sauce with the same size lid as canning jars. Once the canned fruit or vegetables are opened, rinse off the lid and replace it with the other lid. If you see a scratch or rust spot on the inside face, then do not reuse the canning lid.

wooden kitchen utensiles - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Nonplastic Kitchen Tools
The thing that looks like a rake is for pulling spaghetti from the water or a bowl. There are a couple old wooden spoons, some spatulas, a pastry brush hiding in the back, a large bottle brush and a pair of heavy-duty kitchen shears. All are in a ceramic container. 

You can carve your own spoons and tools out of solid blocks of wood. I have a retired neighbor who makes wood bowls for his grandchildren.

olive oil in 10 litre stainless steel container with spigot and brown glass bottle with cork - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Bulk Liquid Storage
10-litre stainless steel container with spigot made by Fustinox used for olive oil. I keep it cool in the basement and refill the glass bottle topped with a natural cork from a wine bottle. Brown glass protects the contents from UV sunlight, but green does not. The brown bottle is 1/2 litre beer bottle. Any size one needs is available.

Old wine and beer bottles can be cut with a glass cutter to make table glasses. There are special cutters one can purchase, but with a little practice you can make a simple jig and use a small hand-held glass cutter that is typically used to cut window panes or mirrors. Mark the bottle where it is to be cut. Keep a firm and steady pressure on the bottle with the cutter. Turn the bottle at the same time. The trick is getting the score to begin and end at the same place. Tap it with the balled end of the cutter and the two parts should separate. Sand off the cut edge using a fine 320 grit silicone carbide paper, being careful not to breathe or get any of the dust in your eyes. Afterwards, wash the glass as well.

olive oil in 10 litre stainless steel container with spigot and brown glass bottle with cork - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005  

olive oil in 10 litre stainless steel container with spigot and brown glass bottle with cork - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Lunch Containers for School or Work
Padded cases for carrying in backpack for lunch at work of school. The glass bottle is a 12-oz. juice bottle from Bernie's cider. The flatware is purchased very inexpensively at a salvage shop. The food container is a Pyrex round glass container (see above). Food that goes into it is always cold and is kept cool by the padded case. I also try to keep the lid pointing up if possible. And always remove the lid before heating the food in the container. Never ever microwave food in anything. What is meant by this is that microwaving is unhealthy in any container, whether it is plastic or glass. Microwaving increases free radicals that promote cancerous cells. many daycare centers heat children's food in plastic Tupperware containers. But you should be sure not to allow them to do this with your child's food. There are may ways of avoiding it. One is to serve is cold. What's better is to let it sit out for a half-hour before serving. But this kind of practice would be next to impossible to get the staff to do. Serving cold would be more likely to happen. If microwaving still is the only method acceptable to parents and staff, then do so without the lid on. Write on the lids with black markers, "REMOVE LID BEFORE HEATING ! !"

olive oil in 10 litre stainless steel container with spigot and brown glass bottle with cork - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Cast iron muffin pans from Lodge Mfg. must be seasoned with cooking oil to reduce sticking. The muffin holes are a bit too small for my liking, but they work great.

olive oil in 10 litre stainless steel container with spigot and brown glass bottle with cork - Alternatives to Plastic PAUL GOETTLICH 3aug2005

Stainless steel canteens by Kleen Kanteen. Be sure to get the s/s lids with them. I have two sizes — 20oz. and 44oz.

Large and small stainless steel bowls
I use the large 16" s/s bowl for mixing large batches of bread and 7" one is sometimes used for really small jobs. My favorite bread recipe is a modified version from Edward Espe Brown, The Tassajara Bread Book Shambhala Publications, Berkeley (1970). This bowl is big enough for about 4 or 5 heavy whole wheat loaves. I also use it as a serving bowl at picnics and other events when I need to feed many people. It'll hold about 2 pounds (dry) of cooked pasta with a tomato sauce or a great big bean salad. Enameled bowls and pots work. If they get overheated, the glazing with craze and later fall off in minute particles.

Enameled cast iron pan

Large Enameled Cast Iron Pan
Purchased as slightly damaged at a sale in the mid-1970s for about 20% of the price for a perfect one at that sale. It gets used pretty much every day. There's no Teflon coating. It's heavy but does a great job of cooking food evenly. Nonenameled cast iron pans work just as well and can be purchased at tag sales because the seller usually has the "modern" nonstick Teflon-coated pans that offgass some pretty terrible fumes that can kill your pet bird and get into your body too. Can Teflon affect you and your family? Of course it can. But did you know that Teflon is being used in just about every kind of product that is made with cloth? It's called Gor-tex. Your feet probably don't get as hot as a frying pan, but there has been no meaningful testing of such products done to my knowledge. 

miss-matched flatwear and ceramic plates

Mismatched stainless flatware and ceramic plates
Purchased at a shop that sells used goods. One or two of each may have a match. They take the place of paper plates and plastic utensils. Use them at home or at a picnic. If you take them on a picnic, be sure to wrap them sufficiently. I use cloth napkins and towels, and/or paper from my recycling bin. Cloth napkins will be needed anyway, so using them as packing will save space and protect the plates. Pack them into a big canvas bag and be sure to secure the bag on the trip to the picnic. It's a heavy load. But people rarely complain about their cooler full of beer and soda, which, by the way, we shouldn't drink anyway. Well, maybe just one or two beers.... please.

stainless steel camp plate and mug

Camp wear
Purchase stainless steel plates and mugs at a camping goods store and use them with the mismatched flatware from a store that sells used goods. Take them to farmers' markets to eat from vendors or to restaurants that serve on paper or plastic. 

stainless steel measuring cups and spoons

Measuring cups and spoons

glass and enameled cast iron pie plates

Glass and a glazed cast iron pie plates

stainless steel adjustable steamer

stainless steel adjustable steamer

Stainless steel steamer adjusts itself to fit the pot it is placed inside of. I steam a lot of food. Sometimes I use a large cylindrical steamer that fits atop a large pot. It has room for a few ears of corn, some small potatoes and a half-head of cabbage that is cut into smaller sections.

No photo

Paper Bags 

In the land of consumerism, paper bags are single-use products. Everything must be placed in a bag at the point of purchase, even if it is already in a bag and we only buy that one item. If I don't have my canvass bag, I would merely carry that one item without another bag. If I purchased so many items that I could not carry them without a bag and my canvass bag was not with me, then I would take a paper bag rather than a plastic bag.

That paper bag must be treated with respect so as to reuse it as many times as possible. I carry used paper bags in my canvass bag when I shop. If I am buying some flour, I would use a bag that is just about worn out. But I would double it by putting it inside another bag. After the flour is dumped into a large glass jar with a tightly sealing lid, the interior well-worn bag that is now covered with flour is retired to the recycling bin. The outer bag is reused until it too can only be used to protect another bag from becoming covered with flour. 

Natural Rubber

Natural rubber pacifiers and nipples I have not researched natural rubber enough, but I think this is the right product. One outlet is Cotton Babies. They also have organic hemp cloth diapers and other stuff. I do not endorse this website, but only put it here as an example. Use glass baby bottles too. Never put food in plastic.... never.

bicycle with saddlebags

cargo bicycle in Berkeley

 

Transportation

Also. . . don't drive your car to the grocery store. In fact, avoid driving one at all if possible. Avoid owning one too. Walk or ride your bicycle with saddle bags or baskets on it. Some people around Berkeley have trailers that attach to the back of the bicycle that can carry a fairly large load. There is a bicycle delivery service in Berkeley -- Pedal Express -- that can deliver up to 1,000 pounds on a bike! In a city, motor vehicles don't have as much of a speed advantage as on highways. 

But then when you think about it, most people travel between two points without knowing anything at all about everything in between. The journey has become a painful process as we are stuffed into cramped, toxic spaces of cars and planes. Not to mention being shot and killed if we don't fit the standard model of a citizen.

Pay more attention to the doughnut than the hole. Take time to live and enjoy life rather than doing the things that the system teaches us to do and expects of us. These things are what keeps order as it is. Avoid doing those things that keep the dysfunctional system intact. Stop using it when ever possible. Deny its power each day by finding one more way to take control of your life. . . and doing it!. The things they have to offer, I don't want. They make me sick and drive me crazy. They are bad for the health of all life. 

 

cargo bicycle in Berkeley

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